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Automotive Electrics and Automotive Electronics
Learn electrical & electronic technologies used in automobiles. Design architecture of automotive electrical components - Bus, FlexRay, Mechatronics..Preview Automotive Electrics and Automotive Electronics course
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Automotive electronics are electronic systems used in vehicles, including engine management, ignition, radio, carputers, telematics, in-car entertainment systems, and others. Ignition, engine and transmission electronics are also found in trucks, motorcycles, off-road vehicles, and other internal combustion powered machinery such as forklifts, tractors and excavators. Related elements for control of relevant electrical systems are also found on hybrid vehicles and electric cars.
Electronic systems have become an increasingly large component of the cost of an automobile, from only around 1% of its value in 1950 to around 30% in 2010. Modern electric cars rely on power electronics for the main propulsion motor control, as well as managing the battery system. Future autonomous cars will rely on powerful computer systems, an array of sensors, networking, and satellite navigation, all of which will require electronics.
Automotive electronics are specially-designed electronics intended for use in automobiles. Automotive electronics can be subjected to, and are therefore rated at, more extreme temperature ranges than commercial (i.e. normal) electronics. Most electrical devices are manufactured in several temperature grades with each manufacturer defining its own temperature ratings. Therefore, designers and engineers must pay close attention to the actual specifications on product datasheets.
Automotive electronics technologies such as autonomous driving, all-electric cars, and in-car infotainment are the new trends in the automotive industry. Automotive vehicles are transforming into the “ultimate electronic devices.” Automotive electronics are predicted to constitute near a third of the total cost of the entire car. The automotive transformations give rise to new features and challenges including (i) autonomous driving (ii) all-electric cars with extreme high power, and (iii) high-speed and secure communications and infotainment.
In recent years, vehicle sensor improvements have led to increasingly advanced autonomous driving technologies that enable higher awareness and visibility. The special advanced features in the vehicle include adaptive cruise control, park assistance, lane-keep assistance, pedestrian detection, and traffic-sign recognition. Fleming summarizes automotive electronics technology into five main categories. In all five categories, an increasing number of electronics from different function sections are integrated into complex electronic systems. These electronic systems often address multiple categories simultaneously. The transition from mechanical systems to electronic systems in the automotive platform requires both higher electrical signal performance and mechanically reliable electronic packaging.
Uplatz provides this comprehensive Automotive Electrics & Automotive Electronics course. This course will help you become a successful Automotive Engineer.
Course/Topic - Automotive Electrics and Automotive Electronics - all lectures
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Chapter 1 - Electrical and Electronic Technology in Automobile
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Chapter 2 - Electronic Diesel Control
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Chapter 3 - Lighting Technology
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Chapter 4 - Electronic Stability Program
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Chapter 5 - Adaptive Cruise Control
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Chapter 6 - Occupant Protection Systems
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Chapter 7 - Basic Principles of Networking
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Chapter 8 - Automotive Networking
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Chapter 9 - Bus Systems
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Chapter 10 - LIN Bus
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Chapter 11 - MOST Bus
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Chapter 12 - Bluetooth
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Chapter 13 - FlexRay
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Chapter 14 - Diagnosis Interfaces
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Chapter 15 - Architecture of Electronic Systems
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Chapter 16 - Mechatronics
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Chapter 17 - Electronic Components in a Vehicle
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Chapter 18 - Semiconductor Components
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Chapter 19 - Manufacture of Semiconductor Components and Circuits
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Chapter 20 - Control Units
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Chapter 21 - Automotive Sensors
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Chapter 22 - Sensor Measuring Principle - part 1
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Chapter 23 - Sensor Measuring Principle - part 2
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Chapter 24 - Sensor Measuring Principle - part 3
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Chapter 25 - Sensor Measuring Principle - part 4
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Chapter 26 - Sensor Measuring Principle - part 5
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Chapter 27 - Gas Sensor and Concentration Sensors
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Chapter 28 - Sensor Types 1
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Chapter 29 - Sensor Types 2 - part 1
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Chapter 30 - Sensor Types 2 - part 2
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Chapter 31 - Actuators
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Chapter 32 - Hybrid Drives
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Chapter 33 - Vehicle Electrical Systems
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Chapter 34 - Starter Batteries
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Chapter 35 - Battery Design
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Chapter 36 - Battery Maintenance
1) Basics of Electronics in Automotive
2) Domains in Automotive, Electronic control unit
3) Automotive sensors and actuators - Overview
4) Automotive Harness - Detailed information
5) CAN - Controller Area Network
6) Explanation about Oscilloscope trace of CAN
7) Diagnostics - Overview about Onboard diagnostics(OBD) and off board diagnostics - UDS
8) Basics of Advanced drivers assistance systems (ADAS),Connected car(V2I, V2P, V2V) and Electric vehicles
9) Future trends in Automotive
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Electrical and Electronic Technology in Automobile
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Electronic Diesel Control
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Lighting Technology
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Electronic Stability Program
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Adaptive Cruise Control
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Occupant Protection Systems
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Basic Principles of Networking
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Automotive Networking
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Bus Systems
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LIN Bus
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MOST Bus
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Bluetooth
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FlexRay
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Diagnosis Interfaces
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Architecture of Electronic Systems
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Mechatronics
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Electronic Components in the Vehicle
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Semiconductor Components
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Manufacture of Semiconductor components and circuits
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Control Units
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Automotive Sensors
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Sensor Measuring Principle
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Gas Sensor and Concentration Sensors
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Sensor Types 1
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Sensor Types 2
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Actuators
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Hybrid Drives
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Vehicle Electrical Systems
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Starter Batteries
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Battery Design
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Battery Maintenance
1. What is automotive electronics?
Automotive electronics are electronic systems used in vehicles, including engine management, ignition, radio, carputers, telematics, in-car entertainment systems, and others. Ignition, engine and transmission electronics are also found in trucks, motorcycles, off-road vehicles, and other internal combustion powered machinery such as forklifts, tractors and excavators. Related elements for control of relevant electrical systems are also found on hybrid vehicles and electric cars.
2. What are the types of Automotive electronics ?
Types of Automotive Electronics
Automotive electronics are distributed systems which can be classified into different types based on different domains like Engine Electronics, Transmission Electronics, Chassis Electronics, Passive Safety, Driver Assistance, Passenger Comfort, Entertainment Systems, Electronic, and Integrated Cockpit Systems.
3. What is engine electonics?
The ECU or engine control unit is an essential electronic part in automobiles. This unit can order one of the maximum real-time goals because the engine used in automobiles is extremely complex and fast. The electronics which are used in automobiles, the computer power of the ECU is the maximum like a 32-bit processor. In modern cars, they may have up to 100 ECUs whereas, in the commercial vehicle, it has up to 40 ECUs.
4. What is Transmission Electronics?
It is used for controlling the transmission system, mostly while shifting the gears for enhanced shift comfort & to lesser torque interrupt. The operation of an automatic transmission can be done by utilizing the controls & several semi-automatic transmissions include a fully-automatic clutch. The communication between ECU & the transmission control can be done by exchanging information &control and sensor signals for their process.
5. What is Chassis Electronics?
The chassis system includes electronic subsystems in a car, which monitors different parameters and controls actively like ABS (Anti-lock Braking System), EBD (Electronic Brake Distribution), TCS (Traction Control System), PA (Parking Assistance), and ESP (Electronic Stability Program).
6. What are the latest innovations in Automobile Electronics?
The latest innovations of electronics which can be introduced by different organizations to use in automobile mainly include the following. The automotive electronics design fundamentals mainly include environments, customer requirements, etc.
Waymo
After several experiments in automobiles, Waymo launched the first driverless car, which provides secure and self-driven experience. The company like Alphabet is the parent company has declared that it will create driverless cars which can be accessible to the public by the year 2020.
Tesla
Tesla launched electric cars. The Tesla model cars are completely electric luxury cars that are pushed by electric motors. These are launched in the year 2012.
Honda Prius
Prius is another hybrid electric car developed by Toyota in 1997. It is rated as one of the cleanest cars with minimum smog-forming emissions.
Nissan Leaf
In Dec 2010, the first electric car was manufactured. The packs of battery in Nissan Leaf charging capacity will be from 0 to 80% within just 30 min with the help of DC fast charging.
7. Explain LED Lighting Design Technology?
Automotive LED Lighting Design Technology
a) 5-Chip LEDs
LED’s have been used in many automotive lighting applications since they were first introduced to the market in 1993. Recent LED technology can be found in many luxury vehicles and is expected to be implemented into the mainstream automotive industry fairly rapidly. These latest multi-chip LEDs are individually controlled and can switch on or off according to road conditions, other driver’s positions, and other road elements, adapting to the driver’s needs.
5-chip adaptive LED tech illuminates objects on the edge of the road as well as approaching vehicles. Adaptive headlights allow for ‘around-the-corner’ lighting, giving drivers the time to adapt to potential hazards ahead. Since 40 percent of accidents occur at night, greater visibility can help make your drive safer.
b) Laser Automotive Lighting
Beyond the world of Halogen, xenon and LED automotive lighting, Laser technology is a game-changer in today’s market. You can find a laser-diode headlight on the BMW i8 Coupe, who’s headlights are ten times brighter than LED counterparts. Laser lighting technology has been seen in higher-end vehicles more often over the past few years and results have shown that full-beam laser lighting can range up to 600 meters in visibility – double the distance of even LED headlamps.
c) uAFS LED Lighting
Oncoming traffic, vehicle speed, the distance between vehicles ahead of you, and road conditions – all these factors can be detected by adaptive, smart, high-resolution LED headlights. These headlights are made to be adaptable, smart-pixel lights that create the perfect illumination while driving. Each headlight contains 3 LED light points, each with 1024 pixels. This helps illuminate peripheral views and roadside dark spots when going around bends or simply driving straight. The adaptive technology brightens all dark areas on the road while the sensors inside can detect changes in road conditions. The best part – this LED lighting design doesn’t shine on the heads of oncoming drivers so they are unaffected by glare even when the lights are on fully.
d) Flexible OLEDs
Organic Light-Emitting Diodes are a flat light source that can be individually dimmed and brightened. The main draw to OLED lighting tech for cars is the fact that they don’t require reflectors or light guides, and, they maintain their light at any angle. Currently, OLEDs are being used for rear automotive lighting. Since OLEDs are flexible and lightweight, they can be easily utilized for both interior and exterior automotive lighting.
e) Automotive Lighting Designs and Manufacturing
Since the introduction of LED headlights in the early 90’s to now, the automotive lighting industry is exploding with opportunities. In fact, it’s a market that’s set to reach over 29 Billion USD by 2022. Increased vehicle production, especially in the electric and hybrid market, is driving the numbers behind this automotive lighting boom, especially light sources that reduce energy consumption.
Innovative Automation is a leading machine builder of equipment for the assembly and testing of automotive lighting technology and is continuously adapting to market needs and trends. Contact us today to learn how our expertise in automotive lighting can deliver leading-edge technology to your automotive busine
8. What is Adaptive cruise Control?
Adaptive cruise control (ACC) is an available cruise control advanced driver-assistance system for road vehicles that automatically adjusts the vehicle speed to maintain a safe distance from vehicles ahead. As of 2019, it is also called by 20 unique names that describe that basic functionality. This is also known as Dynamic cruise control.
Control is based on sensor information from on-board sensors. Such systems may use a radar or laser sensor or a camera setup allowing the vehicle to brake when it detects the car is approaching another vehicle ahead, then accelerate when traffic allows it to.
ACC technology is regarded as a key component of future generations of intelligent cars. The technology enhances passenger safety and convenience as well as increasing road capacity by maintaining optimal separation between vehicles and reducing driver errors. Vehicles with autonomous cruise control are considered a Level 1 autonomous car, as defined by SAE International.[2] When combined with another driver assist feature such as lane centering, the vehicle is considered a Level 2 autonomous car.
Adaptive cruise control does not provide full autonomy: the system only provides some help to the driver, but does not drive the car by itself.
9. What is LIN bus?
LIN bus is a supplement to CAN bus.
It offers lower performance and reliability - but also drastically lower costs. Below we provide a quick overview of LIN bus and a comparison of LIN bus vs. CAN bus.
Low cost option (if speed/fault tolerance are not critical)
Often used in vehicles for windows, wipers, air condition etc..
LIN clusters consist of 1 master and up to 16 slave nodes
Single wire (+ground) with 1-20 kbit/s at max 40 m bus length
Time triggered scheduling with guaranteed latency time
Variable data length (2, 4, 8 bytes)
LIN supports error detection, checksums & configuration
Operating voltage of 12V
Physical layer based on ISO 9141 (K-line)
Sleep mode & wakeup support
Most newer vehicles have 10+ LIN nodes
10. Diffrence between LIN bus vs CAN bus?
- LIN is lower cost (less harness, no license fee, cheap nodes)
- CAN uses twisted shielded dual wires 5V vs LIN single wire 12V
- A LIN master typically serves as gateway to the CAN bus
- LIN is deterministic, not event driven (i.e. no bus arbitration)
- LIN clusters have a single master - CAN can have multiple
- CAN uses 11 or 29 bit identifiers vs 6 bit identifiers in LIN
- CAN offers up to 1 Mbit/s vs. LIN at max 20 kbit/s
11. What is an Electrical/Electronic Architecture?
The term “electrical/electronic architecture” refers to the convergence of electronics hardware, network communications, software applications and wiring into one integrated system that controls an ever-increasing number of vehicle functions in the areas of vehicle control, body and security, infotainment, active safety, and other comfort, convenience, and connectivity functionality.
The first integration of electrical and mechanical systems occurred in the late 1950s with the advent of basic cruise control. In the ’60s, there were audio and lighting enhancements; in the ’70s, new emissions controls spurred advances in E/E architecture; and by the ’90s, managing the complexity of the electrical/electronic architecture was becoming an issue for OEMs. In the early 2000s, data and communication protocols drove new product requirements, and in the past decade, OEMs have focused on features and regulations governing occupant safety, driver distraction and fuel economy, which have led to adoption of high-voltage powertrains and systems.
12. What is Automotive Mechatronics?
Automotive Mechatronics is a life-cycle activity that involves the multidisciplinary integration of automotive mechanical and electronic systems. You will gain skills across automotive-specific mechanics, electronics, communication, advanced control and modelling.