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SAP Product Costing

Learn about Product Cost Controlling, Product Cost Planning, Cost Object Controlling, Master Data, Unit Cost Estimate etc.
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SAP Product Costing module is used to find the value of internal cost of products. It is also used for profitability and management accounting for production.

Product Costing is the tool used in SAP for planning costs and establishing material prices. It helps in estimating the Cost of goods sold manufactured and COGS of each for each product unit. Product Costing, part of the Controlling module, is used to value the internal cost of materials and production for profitability and management accounting. Product Costing is a niche skill.

Product Costing in SAP is a core module that relies on the correct setup of master data in logistics modules to create cost estimates. These cost estimates help plan and analyze costs and their different components. The result of using product costing is a standard price that you can release to the material master. Further, you can use this price for at least one period for the inventory valuation of those manufactured goods.

 

While configuring Product Costing, it involves two areas for setting −

1) Product Cost Planning

2) Cost Object Controlling

The basics of Product Costing is Cost Center Planning. The goal of cost center planning is to plan total dollars and quantities in each Cost Center in a Plant.

SAP provides two different types of material costing process viz Material cost estimate with quantity structure and Material cost estimate without quantity structure.

 

Product Costing in SAP is the most important part of SAP Controlling. This means, to know the controlling, you certainly need to know Product Costing. Moreover, if you wish to make a career in SAP Management Accounting, or if you want to upgrade your S/4HANA Finance profile with controlling knowledge, you must gain expertise on product costing in SAP.

In order to use Product Costing in SAP and create cost estimates with quantity structure, you need to activate Material Management and Production Planning Modules.

 

Core components of SAP Product Costing:

a) Product Cost Controlling, b) Product Cost Planning, c) Cost Object Controlling, d) Master Data, e) Unit Cost Estimate, f) Costing Sheet, g) Costing Variant, h) Material Ledger

 

Uplatz offers this comprehensive SAP Product Costing course covering each component of product costing module in detail.

Course/Topic - SAP Product Costing - all lectures

  • In this tutorial, you will get a detailed overview of the Cost Component Structure, why it is used in the SAP system, how to create the Cost Component Structure, adding new entries in it, working with the Financial Accounting, Transport Organizer, Transfer Structure and creating G/L account centrally.

    • 29:50

  • This is continuation of the previous lecture on Cost Component Structure.

    • 33:30

  • In this tutorial, you will be learning about the different Costing Types like the standard cost estimates and the valuation variants. You will also be learning about the Planned Price, Valuation Price according to Price Control, Standard Price and Moving Average Price. Along with this, you will be learning about the Activity Types, Subcontracting and Quantity Structure Determination.

    • 51:39

  • Lecture 3.1 - Recap of previous videos

    • 35:53

  • This is continuation of the previous lecture on Recap of previous videos

    • 40:13

  • In this tutorial, you will learn which object to be costed, how the data to be saved, what types of costing users need to use like product cost, using bill of material (BOM) or routing or unit cost without BOM. Further, you will also learn how to create costing variants.

    • 31:10

  • This is continuation of the previous lecture on Defining Costing Types. In this tutorial, you will learn which object to be costed, how the data to be saved, what types of costing users need to use like product cost, using bill of material (BOM) or routing or unit cost without BOM. Further, you will also learn how to create costing variants.

    • 35:21

  • In this tutorial, you will learn the detail concepts of the Cost Object Controlling along with the Product Cost by Order, Manufacturing Order, Costing Variants, the strategies used for Valuation Variants like Net Purchase Order Price, Net Quotation Price and Effective Price from Purchase Order.

    • 36:18

  • In this tutorial, you will learn how to work on the Controlling Area, creating cost elements, working with the Valuation Method, defining Line ID’s and Assignments. You will see a complete practical and detailed demonstration from the instructor of all the work process mentioned here.

    • 29:25

  • In this tutorial, you will learn to define assignments, the configuration steps involved in it, the assignment of cost elements for WIP and Results Analysis, new entries, defining updates, creating G/L account centrally and configuration of WIP calculation.

    • 36:17

  • This is continuation of Lecture 6.2 - Defining Assignments

    • 24:30

  • In this tutorial, you will learn how to create a Settlement Profile in the SAP system, working with the order types, working with the PA transfer structure and maintaining intervals in the CO object settlement. All these will be explained with a detailed and practical demonstration by the instructor.

    • 32:26

  • This is continuation of Lecture 7.2 - Working with the Settlement Profile

    • 29:31
Course Objectives Back to Top

• Performance of Product Cost Planning during the entire product life cycle

• Analysis of the required master data and structures and integration within the SAP system

• Use of the different calculation methods

• Setting up the information system

• Understanding how to use the SAP system efficiently

• Overhead and work-in-progress

• Goods movement, settlements

• Reporting plan/actual, line items, variance analysis

• Create production order

• Order costing time confirmation

 

Course Syllabus Back to Top

1) Intro – Profitability Analysis

·         Introduction to Controlling and Management Reporting

·         Introduction to COPA

·         Gross Profit and Net Profit Margin Analysis

·         Cost Components and Analysis

·         Multi-Dimensional Analysis

·         Assessment of the topic

 

2) COPA Technical Setup

·         COPA Table Structures

·         OLTP – Link to Transactional Data

·         OLAP – Link to Data-warehousing

·         Working with SAP Operating Concern Templates

 

3) Configuring Costing-Based CO-PA

·         Types of COPA Modules

·         Costing-based CO-PA versus Account-based CO-PA

·         Creating Characteristics and Value Fields

·         Maintaining an Operating Concern

·         Accessing and Creating Operating Concerns

·         Creating User-defined Value Fields and Characteristics

·         Defining Profitability Segments and CO-PA Exceptions

·         Operating Concern Attributes

·         Org structure -Controlling Area and Operating Concern

·         Assigning a Company Code to a Controlling Area

·         Checking the Current Profitability Analysis Activation

·         Import Operating Concern

·         Performing CO-PA Transports

·         Automatic Transport or Manual Transport

·         Client-specific and Cross-client Settings

 

4) Master Data in CO-PA

·         Components of Master Data Menus in CO-PA

·         Maintaining Characteristic Values

·         Define Characteristics Hierarchy

·         Creating Characteristic Derivations and Derivation Rules

·         Customer Master Values

·         Product Master Values

 

5) COPA Integration with SD

·         Pricing Procedure and Conditions

·         Condition Mapping to Value Fields

·         Handling of sign / –

·         Prevention of Values

 

6) COPA – Product Costing

·         Concept of Valuation

·         Configure Cost Components

·         Cost Estimation for COPA Access

·         Configure Standard Cost Access

 

7) Flows of Actual Values into CO-PA

·         Overview of values from all other modules

·         Transfer of Incoming Sales Orders – Record – A

·         Transfer of Billing Documents – Record – F

·         Order and Project Settlement – Record – C

·         Define PA Transfer Structure for Settlement

·         Direct Posting from FI/ MM – Record – B

·         Maintain PA Transfer Structure for Direct Postings

·         Automatic Account Assignment

·         Settlement of Production Variances

·         Transfer of Overhead

·         Assessment of Topic

 

8) CO-PA Reporting: Basics

·         CO-PA Reporting Scenarios

·         Working with Reports in CO-PA

·         Report Types – Basic and Line Items

·         Working with Forms

·         Assessment of Topic

·         Predefining Headers and Footers

·         Other Elements

·         Defining Variables in Reports

·         Creating Frozen Reports

·         Key Figure Schemes

·         Assessment of Topic

 

9) Working with Account-Based CO-PA

·         Need for Account-Based COPA

·         Defining Cost Elements for CO-PA

·         Set the type of COPA

·         Controlling Areas and Account-Based CO-PA

·         Currencies and Account-Based CO-PA

·         Actual Data Flow and Data Transfer

·         Profitability Analysis Reports

·         Assessment of Cost Center Costs

·         Order and Project Settlement

·         Reconcile between Costing Based and Account Based

 

10) Introduction to Costing based CO-PA Planning

·         Introduction – Costing Based CO-PA Planning

·         The Framework of Corporate Planning

·         A First Look at the CO-PA Planning Framework

·         Number Ranges for Planning Data

·         Maintaining Versions

·         Planning with the CO-PA Planning Framework

·         Planning Levels

·         Planning Package

·         Working with Planning Methods

·         The Report Painter and CO-PA Planning Layouts

·         Planning Profiles

·         Basic Planning Methods CO-PA Planning Framework

·         Enter Planning Data

·         Display Planning Data

·         Copy

·         Forecast

·         Valuation

·         Revaluation

·         Ratios

·         Delete

·         Planning Sequences

 

11) Introduction to Account based CO-PA Planning

·         Introduction – Account Based CO-PA Planning

·         The Framework of Corporate Planning

·         A First Look at the CO-PA Planning Framework

·         Number Ranges for Planning Data

·         Maintaining Versions

·         Planning with the CO-PA Planning Framework

·         Integration with other modules

·         User Exits and Special functions 1 Partner Function

·         Inter-Company Profit elimination

·         MM Integration

·         Material Ledger Integration with COPA

·         User Exits used in COPA

Certification Back to Top

This SAP COPA training course is designed for exploring the profitability analysis. The intention of the SAP COPA training course is to make the learners understand about the architecture and business terminology from profitability analysis in the SAP system.

In SAP COPA Course module, the participants will learn to apply the flow of data into profitability analysis. In the SAP COPA course, the participants will learn about the planning methods involved within an organization. This seems to be an essential learning for all SAP CO module users. The CO-PA also known as Controlling and profitability analysis is a sub-module of SAP CO. The Participants can demonstrate entire concepts and implement SAP CO activities.

The SAP COPA tutorial helps the participants to analyse varied market segments based on sales and order, services and products. SAP COPA course offers complete information about CO-PA components thus making the participant an expert SAP COPA Consultant.

Uplatz online training guarantees the participants to successfully go through the SAP COPA training course. Uplatz provides appropriate teaching and expertise training to equip the participants for implementing the learnt concepts in an organization.

Course Completion Certificate will be awarded by Uplatz upon the completion of the SAP COPA course training.

Career & Jobs Back to Top

The Profitability analyst draws an average salary of $99,035 per year depending on the knowledge and hands-on experience. The Profitability analyst job roles are in high demand and make a rewarding career.

The Profitability analyst are recognized across the globe. The increased usage of the SAP COPA strategies in many companies help the participants to find a job opportunity easily. The leading companies hire Profitability analyst considering the skill of taking a decision in sales and marketing in an organization. The Learners earn most beneficial SAP COPA completion certification through our expert training and course curriculum.

The SAP COPA course is targeted to project manager, IT support and application consultants and excel as Profitability Analyst.

The following are the job titles:

·       Business Analyst

·       Profit Analyst

·       Finance Analyst

·       Data Analyst

·       SAP Consultant

 

The SAP COPA online course provides you with an opportunity to explore career opportunities as SAP COPA Analyst or Profit Analyst.

Interview Questions Back to Top

Q.1. WHAT IS SAP COPA?

SAP COPA is not similar to other modules in SAP.

Profitability Analysis (CO-PA) enables you to evaluate market segments, which can be classified according to products, customers, orders or any combination of these, or strategic business units, such as sales organizations or business areas, with respect to your company’s profit or contribution margin.

 

Q.2. WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PROFIT CENTER ACCOUNTING (PCA) AND PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS (CO-PA)?

PCA

CO-PA

PCA is aimed at Profit reporting on internal responsibility lines or SBU’s

CO-PA is aimed at external market segment reporting for example by customer and customer groupings (industries), geographical areas.

PCA is limited to reporting by the profit center hierarchies that you can setup.

PCA can slice & dice your information by a variety of dynamic hierarchies (a ‘Rubik’s’ cube is often used to symbolize this idea.

PCA can be reconciled easily back to the GL

PCA has 2 ‘styles’

Account based which will reconcile to the GL

·         Costing Based which Allows approximations, estimations or standards to be posted, which may make reconciliation difficult to explain to the user

 

Q.3. WHY DOES SAP TALK ABOUT STATISTICAL ASSIGNMENTS IN CO - WHY ARE THESE DIFFERENT FROM REAL COST ACCOUNTING ASSIGNMENTS?

The reason is to facilitate reconciliation between FI and CO. The sum of all ‘real’ assignments in CO should add up to the sum of all expense and revenue postings (where cost/revenue elements have been created for the GL account of course) in FI.   A normal expense invoice posting to expense accounts / cost elements will be a ‘real’ posting. If the system is displaying an error message insisting on a ‘cost accounting assignment’ and you think you have entered one, then possibly you have specified a statistical assignment. A common error is in thinking that the business area will do – Business areas are FI elements not CO elements.

Example:

All Profit Center assignments are statistical

EC-PCA is defined as statistical, therefore if posting to a revenue element, the system will insist on a real cost accounting assignment even if profit center is specified.  A cost center will not do, since revenue elements are statistical in cost centers.  The system will accept the following as ‘real’: CO-PA profitability segment, sales order, customer project or a revenue bearing order.

Revenue elements assigned to cost centers will always be statistical

‘Revenue’ when defined to the system by setting up a revenue element is always statistical in a cost center.  If however you have setup your revenue accounts as primary cost elements then the assignment will be ‘real’.

 

Q.4. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY PERIOD BASED ACCOUNTING (GL BASED) AND COST OF SALES ACCOUNTING (COPA BASED)?

‘Period Based Accounting’ is Accrual Accounting and ‘Cost of Sales’ is ‘Cost of Goods Sold’ Accounting.

Period based Accounting 

“Period based” means that during the month or period, all and only actual events / transactions are posted in the appropriate period.  At the end of the period estimated accruals and deferrals are made and posted to that posting period to give a more accurate view of profit.  IE any expected revenues and expenditures that should relate to the current period are accrued for and equally any prepaid expenses or revenues are deferred to the next period.  (Accruals and Deferrals are posted temporarily, usually to special accounts, and reversed prior to the next period end.)

These accruals and deferrals are usually done at a fairly high level of summarization (eg: at company or business area).  The FI Ledgers and financial statements etc are always period based.

Cost of Sales Accounting

Cost of Sales in SAP means that we attempt to record or rather report the “costs of sales” against the actual sale at as low a level as possible and during the period. (In CO-PA this is down to a transaction level.)   This enables the company to get a reasonably accurate view of profitability on a real time basis.

This is done by using either standards or estimates for many of the components that make up the “cost of goods sold”.  Any variations from the standards are usually posted through to the cost of sales system either at month end or when they occur.

For example: A product cost estimate might be used to calculate and post a manufactured cost through to CO-PA when every sale goes through.  The actual production orders variances from the product cost estimate can then be settled to a separate line in CO-PA. This has the benefits that

a reasonably accurate gross profit could be reported in real time at a transaction level and of course therefore at all the characteristic levels in CO-PA.

The impact of any abnormal variances in production can quite clearly be seen and analyzed separately from the normal profitability of a product.

 

Q.5. HOW DATA FLOWS FROM SD TO COPA?

The normal SD document flow is as follows:

Sales order

Delivery (the delivery creates the goods issue, which debits COGS and credits Inventory – COGS is updated in CO-PA at this time)

Billing Document (the billing document updates A/R, Sales revenue, Discounts, Freight, etc.)

 

Q.6. HOW DATA FLOWS FROM CO TO COPA?

Through Assessments. Allocates costs from cost centers to profitability segments.

 

Q.7. HOW DATA FLOWS THROUGH MM INTO FI?

Through Account assignment model OKB9. Automatic postings created in materials management, can be passed on to CO-PA by means of automatic account assignment to a profitability segment.

 

Q.8. HOW DATA FLOWS FROM PP INTO FI & COPA?

Through Production Variances It Posts variances from the production (product cost) estimates or standards to the GL accounts and to Profitability Analysis if real costs are required (vs standard costs).  Standard cost figures would have been used to update Stock and Cost of Goods sold figures when finished stock was issued from the production runs.

 

Q.9. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY VALUE FIELD GROUPS?

Value Field Groups represent the possible combinations of value fields in an operating concern. Value field groups are used to specify:

Which value should be made available to users entering or displaying a line item

In what order these value fields should be displayed

Which specific value fields can be filled

You plan your data for the characteristics Product, Product group and Customer group. You define three planning levels for which planning data is to be entered: Customer group/product group (independent of the product), product/product group (independent of the customer group), and product/product group/customer group (the lowest, most detailed level). By using transaction-based top-down distribution, you can ensure that all planning data is saved at the lowest level

 

Q.10. WHAT ARE CHARACTERISTICS VALUES?

Characteristics are aspects on which we want to break down the profit logically such as customer, region product, sales person etc.

 

Q.11. WHAT DO YOU MEAN FIXED CHARACTERISTIC FIELDS?

Predefined characteristic fields in SAP R/3 system, which are obvious, are known as fixed characteristic fields such as product, sales org and customer

 

Q.12. WHAT ARE NON-FIXED CHARACTERISTICS OR USER DEFINED CHARACTERISTICS?

Up to 50 non-fixed characteristics can be added to an operating concern. E.g. Bill-to-party

Create -> Derived the value from Table PAPARTNER (SD partner that can be used in COPA) -> Create user defined characteristic name WW008 -> Save

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